During client representation, a lawyer must not make false statements to whom?

A lawyer has an obligation to maintain honesty and integrity in all communications related to their practice. This includes ensuring that they do not make false statements to any third parties involved in a case. The reason this is critical is that false statements can undermine the legal process and the trust that is essential for the legal system to function properly.

When a lawyer interacts with third persons—be they witnesses, potential clients, or others involved in the legal proceedings—maintaining truthful communication is essential to ensure that the lawyer's actions do not mislead or harm others. Additionally, making false statements can expose a lawyer to disciplinary action or legal consequences.

While a lawyer should also avoid making false statements to opposing counsel, their client, and even court personnel, the scope of the ethical duties regarding honesty applies broadly to all external communications with third parties. Hence, the correct answer identifies the broader obligation to avoid deception towards any person not directly in the attorney-client relationship, reflecting the core values of the legal profession.