What financial assistance can a lawyer provide to a client in pending litigation?

The correct answer is that lawyers may advance costs but cannot provide direct financial assistance to their clients. This option is rooted in the ethical guidelines established by the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, particularly in regard to maintaining the integrity of the attorney-client relationship and upholding professional responsibility.

When lawyers advance costs, it typically refers to covering litigation expenses such as court fees, expert witness fees, and costs for depositions on behalf of the client. This practice is permitted as it does not create a conflict of interest or undermine the integrity of the legal representation. It allows clients to pursue their legal matters without being burdened by upfront costs, thereby ensuring equitable access to justice.

However, providing direct financial assistance or gifts to clients raises ethical issues and can lead to potential exploitation or impropriety. For instance, if a lawyer provides money to a client for personal expenses unrelated to the litigation, it can blur the lines of the professional relationship and lead to questions about the lawyer's motivations and impartiality.

Thus, while lawyers can support clients in bearing certain litigation costs, they must refrain from giving out personal loans or gifts that could compromise their professional independence. The emphasis on advancing costs aligns with the overall goal of the ethical framework to protect both parties and maintain a fair